Lassen Volcanic National Park - 1975 & 2008
May 1915 Eruption of Lassen Peak (NPS Photo)
May 1915 Eruption of Lassen Peak
Lassen Volcanic National Park entrance sign

On the night of May 19, 1915, the few people homesteading outside of Old Station along Hat Creek near the foot of Lassen Peak, a volcano in northern California, went to bed expecting a peaceful night’s sleep. By now they had become accustomed to the sounds of small steam explosions coming from the volcano, which had been intermittently active during the past year.

Around midnight, Elmer Sorahan was awakened by his dog barking furiously and pawing him. Dressing quickly, Elmer went outside, expecting a bear or other animal.

Instead, he dimly saw a 12-foot high wall of muddy water and logs rumbling down Hat Creek. After running more than a mile to warn his downstream neighbors, the Halls, he burst through their front door exhausted and shouting "Get out! get out! there’s a flood coming." Mrs. Hall quickly spread the alarm downstream by telephone, and then the family scrambled uphill just before the house was swept off its foundation.

Map showing the Devastated Area

The next morning residents of the area saw that a wide swath of the northeast slope of Lassen Peak had been devastated by a huge avalanche and mudflow triggered by a powerful explosion at the volcano’s summit.

Fortunately, because of the warnings, no one was killed, but several houses along the creek were destroyed.

For more information see my 2008 Trip Page.

When Lassen Peak erupted again on May 22nd, the area was further devastated by a high-speed flow of hot volcanic ash and gas (called a "pyroclastic flow"), and the incorporation of snow into this flow generated new mudflows. Ash from the eruption rose high into the air and wind blew it eastward. Fine ash fell at least as far as 200 miles from the volcano.

Because of the eruptive activity, which continued through 1917, and the area’s stark volcanic beauty, Lassen Peak and the area surrounding it were declared a National Park in 1916.

Lassen Peak is the largest plug dome volcano on earth

Lassen Peak, 10,457 feet above sea level, is the largest plug dome volcano on earth.

On May 30, 1914, Lassen Peak erupted into a phase of volcanic activity which lasted three years. Not until 1917 did activity cease, and the mountain entered into its present state of dormancy. Only steam vents and the odor of sulphur atop the summit give hint to the eruptive potential of the mountain.

The plug dome is formed when a mass of relatively cool and pasty lava is pushed upward out of a vent. This is as one would squeeze toothpaste out of a tube. The thick lava piles up, cools, and hardens into a huge plug of volcanic rock.

Chaos Crags is also a plug dome volcano, formed recently, perhaps 300 years ago.

My first visit to Lassen was a backpack trip in 1975. Thirty-three years later I visited again on a day trip in 2008.

1975 Backpack Trip

1975 Backpack Trip Map

On September 6-9, 1975, myself, Stan Haye, Gil Bielke, Scott Morton, Mic Mead and Tim McSweeney gathered at the Park for a backpack trip.

We would climb 6,907' Cinder Cone and 10,457' Lassen Peak and hike 35 miles total.

On Friday, September 5, Gil came out of the mountains with Brian Jordan and cleaned up at my apartment in Lone Pine. Brian's folks came and they left on vacation.

Scott and Mic came up from San Diego - had car trouble near Little Lake and arrived late - finally fixed car about 8 p.m.

We transferred to Stan's car in Independence and proceeded north along with Mic who would later go on to Idaho.

Tim met us at the park. We made camp at Frenchman Flat Recreation area about 63 miles south of Susanville around 3 a.m.

Got up at 7 a.m. or so and made it into the park around 11 a.m. After lunch we hit the trail from north Summit Lake campground around 12:30 and traveled through forest with one view of Lassen Peak to Echo Lake, upper & lower Twin Lakes, Swan Lake and finally to Horseshoe Lake where we camped about 5 p.m. in an improved campground - formerly a car camp.

Horseshoe Lake and Lassen Peak
Horseshoe Lake and Lassen Peak

Sunday we broke camp leisurely and left about 9 a.m. following a pretty stream to Snag Lake - large and nice. Then on to the Cinder Cone trail junction (missed Panther Spring somewhere). Tim had not been well the night before and Mic was having knee problems so they went on to camp at Rainbow Lake while Gil, Scott, Stan and I took the trail to the top of Cinder Cone.

We had fine views of Butte and Snag Lakes, the Fantastic Lava Beds and Painted Sand Dunes - and nearby peaks and forest. The ice cave on the trail down was not much - no ice - just a vent hole with cold air.

Rainbow Lake
Rainbow Lake

Lassen Peak
Lassen Peak

We all arrived at Rainbow Lake around 4:30 and after a swim fixed supper. Our camp was visited a number of times by four deer.

Monday we proceeded via Twin Lakes to Feather, Silver, Big and Little Bear Lakes in the Cluster Lakes area.

Silver Lake
Silver Lake

Gil, Scott and Tim arrived back at Summit Lake early and toured Bumpass Hell. Mic, Stan and I took it more leisurely and arrived about 3 p.m. - went for gas and toured the northerly sights along the road. We all gathered about 5 p.m. at campsite A-16 in the North Summit Lake Campground.

Tuesday morning we got up early - 6 a.m.-and after breakfast drove to Lassen Peak trailhead and hit the trail under cloudy skies about 7:45. I made the 2.5 miles to the top in 1.5 hours.

It was cold and windy but not raining. The views were screened by haze and clouds but you could see the area fairly well including Mt. Shasta.

Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell

Mic, Stan and I toured the old crater areas before heading down. On the way down it sprinkled some as the storm seemed to be blowing past the area.

Back at the cars around 11 a.m. Mic headed for Idaho, Tim for home, and the rest of us went to Bumpass Hell to see the steam vents and mud pots.

We then made a short stop at the Sulphur Works and the cafeteria at the ski area - finally getting on the road for home about 3 p.m.

We stopped in Reno for gas and Carson City for supper about 7 p.m. We hit heavy rain around Bridgeport which slowed things down a little. The drive down Owen's Valley featured a wild electrical storm. We arrived home about midnight

Gil and Scott spent the night and headed for San Diego around 6 a.m. Wednesday. I enjoyed the trip. The hike through the forest wasn't too impressive and it would be nice to spend more time in the southern end of the park around Lassen Peak and Warner Valley.


Lassen Peak from the North
Lassen Peak from the North
Summit Lake
Summit Lake

Summit Lake
Summit Lake
Summit Lake
Summit Lake

Lassen Peak from Echo Lake Trail
Lassen Peak from Echo Lake Trail
Echo Lake
Echo Lake

Upper Twin Lake
Upper Twin Lake
Upper Twin Lake
Upper Twin Lake

Lower Twin Lake
Lower Twin Lake
Lower Twin Lake
Lower Twin Lake

Swan Lake - Crater Butte
Swan Lake - Crater Butte
Horseshoe Lake
Horseshoe Lake

Horseshoe Lake
Horseshoe Lake
Horseshoe Lake and Lassen Peak
Horseshoe Lake and Lassen Peak

Meadow between Horseshoe Lake and Snag Lake
Meadow between Horseshoe Lake and Snag Lake
Lassen Peak reflected in Horseshoe Lake
Lassen Peak reflected in Horseshoe Lake

Snag Lake
Snag Lake
Snag Lake
Snag Lake

Snag Lake
Snag Lake
Lava Flow which formed Snag Lake
Lava Flow which formed Snag Lake

Fantastic Lava Beds
Fantastic Lava Beds
Cinder Cone - Fantastic Lava Beds
Cinder Cone - Fantastic Lava Beds

Cinder Cone
Cinder Cone
Nobles Emigrant Trail near Cinder Cone
Nobles Emigrant Trail near Cinder Cone

Volcanic Bombs at Cinder Cone
Volcanic Bombs at Cinder Cone
Cinder Cone - Lassen Peak in the haze
Cinder Cone - Lassen Peak in the haze

Lassen Peak from Cinder Cone
Lassen Peak from Cinder Cone
Cinder Cone
Cinder Cone

Cinder Cone
Cinder Cone
Snag Lake from top of Cinder Cone
Snag Lake from top of Cinder Cone

Snag Lake from Cinder Cone
Snag Lake from Cinder Cone
Snag Lake from Cinder Cone
Snag Lake from Cinder Cone

Butte Lake and Fantastic Lava Beds from Cinder Cone
Butte Lake and Fantastic Lava Beds from Cinder Cone
Butte Lake from Cinder Cone
Butte Lake from Cinder Cone

Painted Dunes, Fantastic Lave Beds, Snag Lake and trail from Cinder Cone
Painted Dunes, Fantastic Lave Beds, Snag Lake and trail from Cinder Cone
Painted Dunes from Cinder Cone
Painted Dunes from Cinder Cone

Painted Dunes from Cinder Cone
Painted Dunes from Cinder Cone
Painted Dunes from Cinder Cone
Painted Dunes from Cinder Cone

Cinder Cone and Fantastic Lava Beds
Cinder Cone and Fantastic Lava Beds
Rainbow Lake
Rainbow Lake

Deer at Rainbow Lake
Deer at Rainbow Lake
Deer at Rainbow Lake
Deer at Rainbow Lake

Rainbow Lake
Rainbow Lake
Lower Twin Lake
Lower Twin Lake

Feather Lake
Feather Lake
Feather Lake
Feather Lake

Silver Lake
Silver Lake
Silver Lake and Lassen Peak
Silver Lake and Lassen Peak

Silver Lake
Silver Lake
Unnamed lake in the Cluster Lakes
Unnamed lake in the Cluster Lakes

Unnamed lake in the Cluster Lakes
Unnamed lake in the Cluster Lakes
Big Bear Lake
Big Bear Lake

Lassen Peak from the trail
Lassen Peak from the trail
Lassen Peak from the trail
Lassen Peak from the trail

Chaos Crags
Chaos Crags
Lassen Peak and Devastated Area
Lassen Peak and Devastated Area

Mic Mead at Lassen Peak trailhead
Mic Mead at Lassen Peak trailhead
Helen Lake and Brokeoff Mountain from Lassen Peak trail
Helen Lake and Brokeoff Mountain from Lassen Peak trail

Warner Valley from Lassen Peak trail
Warner Valley from Lassen Peak trail
Brokeoff Mountain and area west of Lassen Peak from trail
Brokeoff Mountain and area west of Lassen Peak from trail

Helen Lake from Lassen Peak trail
Helen Lake from Lassen Peak trail
Lassen Peak
Lassen Peak

Top of Lassen Peak
Top of Lassen Peak
Helen Lake and trail from Lassen Peak
Helen Lake and trail from Lassen Peak

Mountain Mouse on top of Lassen Peak
Mountain Mouse on top of Lassen Peak
Devastated Area from Lassen Peak
Devastated Area from Lassen Peak

Craters and crags on Lassen Peak
Craters and crags on Lassen Peak
Among Lassen Peak craggy top
Among Lassen Peak craggy top

Craters and crags on Lassen Peak
Craters and crags on Lassen Peak
Crater on Lassen Peak
Crater on Lassen Peak
Lassen Peak crags
Lassen Peak crags

Vent on Lassen Peak
Vent on Lassen Peak
Helen Lake and Brokeoff Mountain from Lassen Peak trail
Helen Lake and Brokeoff Mountain from Lassen Peak trail

Lake Amador in distant haze from Lassen Peak
Lake Amador in distant haze from Lassen Peak
Lassen Peak from Helen Lake
Lassen Peak from Helen Lake

Brokeoff Mountain from Bumpass Hell trail
Brokeoff Mountain from Bumpass Hell trail
Brokeoff Mountain from Bumpass Hell trail
Brokeoff Mountain from Bumpass Hell trail

Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell

Steam vent at Bumpass Hell
Steam vent at Bumpass Hell

Mud Pot at Bumpass Hell
Mud Pot at Bumpass Hell
Steam vent at Bumpass Hell
Steam vent at Bumpass Hell

Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell
Boiling springs at Bumpass Hell
Boiling springs at Bumpass Hell

Mud Pot at Bumpass Hell
Mud Pot at Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell

Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell
Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell

Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell
Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell
Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell
Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell

Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell
Boiling Spring at Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell

Bumpass Hell
Bumpass Hell
Brokeoff Mountain from Bumpass Hell trail
Brokeoff Mountain from Bumpass Hell trail

Brokeoff Mountain from road
Brokeoff Mountain from road
Brokeoff Mountain from road
Brokeoff Mountain from road

Sulphur Works
Sulphur Works

Hiking Bumpass Hell - National Park Service

LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK - THREE DAY BACKPACK
Itinerary Elevation Miles Between Points Miles
From
Start
Miles Today Grade
Feet Per
Mile
Elevation Change
FIRST DAY
North Summit Lake Campground 6700 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- --
Trail Junction 6700 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0
Trail Junction 7150 0.9 1.1 1.1 500 450
Echo Lake 6950 0.9 2.0 2.0 -222 -200
Upper/Lower Twin Lake Tr. Junct. 6537 1.8 3.8 3.8 -229 -413
Trail Junction 6537 0.1 3.9 3.9 0 0
Trail Junction near Swan Lake 6700 0.7 4.6 4.6 233 163
Trail Junction-Grassy Swale Crk. 6560 1.0 5.6 5.6 -140 -140
Horseshoe Lake Campground 6600 2.0 7.6 7.6 20 40
Fishing and Swimming. Near the one-half mile point you can turn around and look west to a good view of Lassen Peak and Chaos Crags. Real Echo at Echo Lake.
 
SECOND DAY
Trail Junction to Camerom Mdw 6400 1.2 8.8 1.2 -167 -200
Snag Lake, Tr. Junct South end 6100 1.3 10.1 2.5 -231 -300
Trail Junction to Rainbow Lake 6100 0.5 10.6 3.0 0 0
Panther Spring (N. End Snag Lk) 6100 1.5 12.1 4.5 0 0
Trail Junction to Rainbow Lake 6300 1.5 13.6 6.0 133 200
 
Side Hike
Trail Junction to Cinder Cone 6300 0.3 13.9 6.3 0 0
Ice Cave 6400 0.4 14.3 6.7 250 100
Rim of Cinder Cone 6907 0.4 14.7 7.1 1268 507
Trail Junction to Rainbow Lk 6300 1.1 15.8 8.2 -552 -607
 
Rainbow Lake (Tr. Junct.) 6650 2.5 18.3 10.7 140 +350
Symmetrically-shaped Cinder Cone, in the northeast corner of Lassen Volcanic National Park, is one of the most perfect examples of a cinder cone in the United States. From the rim of the crater you can see Lassen and Prospect Peaks, Snag and Butte Lakes, Fantastic Lava Beds, the muted hues of Painted Dunes, etc. Good swimming at Rainbow Lake. The ice cave on Cinder Cone was the vent for the 1851 lava flow.
 
THIRD DAY
Lower Twin Lake (Tr. Junct.) 6540 1.0 19.3 1.0 6540 6540
Trail Junction 6560 0.7 20.0 1.7 29 20
Feather Lake 6600 1.2 21.2 2.9 33 40
Tr. Junct. NW of Silver Lake 6600 0.8 22.0 3.7 0 0
Big Bear Lake 6650 0.5 22.5 4.2 100 50
Little Bear Lake 6800 0.5 23.0 4.7 300 150
Unnamed Pond on Hat Mtn Plateau 7300 1.5 24.5 6.2 333 500
Summit Lake Trail Junction 7150 1.0 25.5 7.2 -150 -150
Trail Junction 6700 0.9 26.4 8.1 -500 -450
North Summit Lake Campground 6700 0.2 26.6 8.3 0 0
 
Many lakes.
 
TOPO MAP: LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK, shaded relief edition. Available from Loomis Museum Association, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Mineral, CA 96063 or MT. HARKNESS and PROSPECT PEAK 15-minute quadrangles from USGS or local.

Click Here For 2008 Visit Page